Иван Шмелев - Солнце мертвых. часть 2 из 2
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Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich (1873 - 1950) was born on September 21 (October 3, N.S.) in Moscow, in Zamoskvorechye, in a wealthy merchant family, which was distinguished by patriarchy of habits, prayerness. On the other hand, he was influenced by the "court" where the workers-builders flocked, a different, rebellious spirit reigned here. “Here, in the yard, I saw the people. I am used to it here ...”, I.Shmelev will write later. He heard here songs, jokes, sayings, fairy tales and a diverse-fry language. All this will arise later on the pages of his books, in his fairy tales. After graduating from a gymnasium, in 1894 he enters the law faculty of Moscow University. In the fall of 1895 he makes a trip to Finland, to the Valaam Monastery. The result of this trip was his first book - the essays on the rocks of Valaam, published in Moscow in 1897. After graduating from the university in 1898, he serves military service during the year, then he serves as an official in the deaf places of the Moscow and Vladimir provinces. "I knew the capital, small crafts, the way of merchant life. Now I recognized the village, provincial bureaucracy, small noble nobility," Shmelev will write later. Here he meets the prototypes of the heroes of many of his stories and stories. From here we came out "Pathoka", "Citizen Blogleykin", "in the hole", "under the sky." Of particular fame were the works written under the influence of the first Russian revolution (novels "in a hurry", "Disconnection", 1906; stories "Wahmister", 1906, "Ivan Kuzmin", 1907). In 1911, Shmelev writes one of his significant works - a "man from a restaurant", which had a deafening success. In 1912, the publishing house "Book publishing of writers in Moscow" was organized, whose members-layers are I. Bunin, B. Zaitsev, V. Veresaev, I.Shmelev and others. All the further work of Shmelev of the 1900s is associated with this publishing house, which issued the collection of his works In eight volumes. Stories and stories are published (“Wall”, “Frighty Silence”, “Wolf Rush”, “Rosstani”, etc.), which came out during 1912 - 1914. During the First World War, collections of his stories and essays “Carousel” (1916) , "Harshest Days", "Hidden Faces" (1917), in which the story "Funny Adventure" appeared, markedly stood out against the background of state-patriotic fiction with their sincerity. He met the February revolution enthusiastically, to Oktyabrskaya showed complete intransigence, aggravated by the fact that his only son Sergei, an officer of the Volunteer Army, who did not want to leave the Wranglevites for a foreign land, was taken from the lasaret and without trial. At the end of 1922, after a short stay in Moscow, Shmelev leaves for Berlin, then to Paris, where the emigrant head of his life opens. He created pamphlets full of hatred for the Bolsheviks - “The Sun of the Dead” (1923), “Stone Age” (1924), “On the hemp” (1925). Over the years, in the work of Shmelev, the central place was occupied by the memories of the past ("Pogorosolier", 1931, "Summer of the Lord", 1933 - 48). Abroad, I. Shmelev released more than twenty books. I.Shmelev died on June 24, 1950 near Paris from a heart attack. In 2000, at the initiative of the Russian community and with the assistance of the Government of Russia, the ashes of I.S. Shmeleva and his wife were transported to Moscow and reburied.